The
ChameleonECO Trike

Seat Height =
79 cm [31 inches]
Wheelbase = 98
cm [38.5 inches]
Rear Wheel Track
= 55 cm [21.5 inches] with 3 degree wheel camber
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The
Chameleon is a leaning three-wheeled human powered vehicle that
is intended to provide an *ecologically sound vehicle to replace
short car trips*. This trike is designed especially for the
urban environment. Local errands, such as grocery shopping and
the post office, can be easily accomplished with this clean,
highly efficient human powered vehicle [HPV].
The
first metal prototype was completed in April 1996 at the Pratt
Institute campus in New York City. Bill Stites co-taught an
HPV design course for graduate students in the department of
Industrial Design.
A US Patent was filed in August of 1996. Primary novel features
are the combination of a steerable front wheel relative to the
front sub-frame; with the handlebars mounted in the non-leaning
rear sub-frame. The independent leaning and steering of the
Chameleon Trike renders its ride to be very similar to a bike
at speed.
US Patent # 6,062,581 was granted in 2000.
Production licenses are available and negotiable
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City
Trike
The Chameleon
ECO was conceived as a City Trike from the beginning. Urban
environments require good visibility, and agility for navigating
through traffic. The high seat provides outstanding visibility
... while the narrow, articulated frame allows leaning for smooth
bicycle-like cruising.

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Visibility
The
Chameleon was designed to provide unmatched visibility with
a seat height of 79 cm [31"]. Congested urban environments
often create a sea of vehicles; a Chameleon rider can see
over most vehicles and *be seen* by motorists.
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Lightweight
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The
Chameleon ECO is very lightweight - 57 lbs. or less - and yet
can carry considerable cargo - 250 lbs. or more. |
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Exercise
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HPV's
provide "incidental exercise", where one secondarily
gains the benefit of exercise while running an errand, or just
having fun. |
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Safety
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The
reality is that riding an HPV in high density urban traffic
is inherently dangerous. The combination of outstanding visibility
and high vehicular control and maneuverability significantly
enhances safety. Please wear a helmet and use lights; as well
as lots of reflective gear.
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High
Seat for Safety
This
trike sports the highest seat available on a trike, providing
all-important visibility. The seat height was pushed way
up in response to larger urban vehicles, primarily SUV's. You
must be seen to be accommodated on a multi-use street; and you
must be able to see over and around many vehicles in a rush
hour setting. The leaning and tilting dynamics make such a high
seat stable and safe.
The Chameleon ECO demostrates unprecedented visiblity - for
both the rider and motorists.
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Black
rear sub-frame has standard wheels [ISO 406] in forks so that
many types of 20" wheels can be used.
Cargo
tray bolted in rear; suspended by Stainless Steel rod in front.
Handlebars
are highly adjustable for optimum hand grip locations.
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Rear
view
of seat
Adjustable
seat back support structure.
Adjustable
tension seat fabric
with a
lumbar cushion to be added.
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Narrow
for Traffic Penetration
The new Chameleon ECO is also one of the narrowest trikes available,
with a wheel track of just 55cm [21.5"].
It
was designed to be as narrow as the widest element of a typical
bicycle [handlebar], and thus go anywhere a bike can go. This
allows the rider to penetrate traffic jams with ease and safety.
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Narrow
for Indoors Access
The Chameleon
ECO is also narrow enough to go through standard doorways and
into small elevators for apartment dwellers. The Chameleon ECO
easily navigates tight spaces associated with urban living.
Overall, the narrow track and short wheelbase create a
very small footprint.
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Orange
bottom tube from front sub-frame sweeps back to attach
to the rear articulation.
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Rear
Wheels are the same size!
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Compact
The Chameleon ECO is designed to supplement urban transportation
and provide an appropriately scaled vehicle. Smaller size means
less congestion on city streets; and getting through car traffic.
As
well as easy storage and maneuverability indoors.
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Maneuverable
by Hand
The
Chameleon can be easily manuevered on its two rear wheels. By
placing a foot on the rear axle bar and pulling on the top of
the seat, one simply "pops" the trike up onto its
rear wheels. It remains light and effortless to handle because
it is balanced at such an orientation.
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Articulated
Frame
There
are two [2] sub-frames, front [orange] and rear [black].
These
sub-frames are articulated to move with one degree of freedom:
rotation about a longitudinal, horizontal axis only.
The
articulation allows controlled leaning by the rider. Since the
steering is fully independent of leaning, bicycle-like riding
is achieved at speed.
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Front
[orange]
Sub-frame
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contains
the entire FWD system, including the bottom bracket and steerable
front wheel, and the seat. Yes, while the seat is located above
the rear sub-frame, it is actually mounted on the square top tube
of the orange front sub-frame. |
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Rear
[black]
Sub-frame
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contains
two [2] rear wheels and the handlebars,as
well as a cargo bay.
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Leaning
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High
seat height combined with narrow track geometry is obviously dangerous
for a standard non-leaning trike. In order to maintain these
unusual proportions, the Chameleon frame is articulated to allow
leaning during turns.
The leaning dynamics of a bicycle have been copied into the Chameleon.
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Balanced Cornering
The articulated frame allows the rider to shift the center of gravity
of the vehicle/rider system, especially during turns. Leaning
into turns provides balance and stability, just like on a bicycle.
The rider
has the ability to accommodate riding conditions and maintain
balance on
a moment-to-moment basis.
more
LEANING info
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Left
Side View

Lean restraint
springs are adjustable in tension by sliding the black clamps
along the yellow front bottom tube.
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Left/rear
view
of interior

Handlebar
assembly is at the heart of the vehicle.
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Left
Front View
of central area
Handlebar
mount is [6] aluminum plate parts forming a structural box in
the center. This engineering was required to handle the strong
*vertical* forces applied to the handlebars when the rider induces
leans.
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Steering
The
handlebar is mounted in the rear sub-frame [non-leaning]; the fork/steer
tube assembly is mounted in the front sub-frame [leaning]. Thus,
relative leaning motions of the two sub-frames could result in distortion
of the steering elements connecting the handlebar to the steer tube/fork.
All previous Chameleon prototypes have used cable steering to link
the handlebar to the steer tube. The latest version, ChameleonECO,
uses a rigid tie rod.
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This
arrangement is immune to steering distortions caused by rotations
of the lean articulation. A new CAD analysis of a rigid tie
rod located close, adjacent, and coplanar to the lean axis yielded
the surprising result of only about .005" length change with
20 degrees of lean. Such an amount is negligable in relation
to the natural flexibility of the vehicles structures, including metal. |
STEERING
and LEANING remain independent where one can be operated without
affecting the other.
Indeed, leaning and steering are
independently controlled through the same
handlebar.
Your brain's ability to seamlessly combine these controls for
smooth bicycle-like riding is the secret to this trike's success.
This
is one of the most outstanding elements of the Chameleon design.
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Right
Rear View

At
the front end, the steering rod is attached to the steering
clamp
upon the top of the steer tube.
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Left
Side View

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Right
Front Views
of
Handlebar mounting
Handlebar
articulation sports acetal delrin bushings top and bottom, rotating
on Stainless Steel tube. These pivots are adjustable for friction,
allowing steering dampening if desired.

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At the handlebar,
the rear end of tie rod inserts into specially machined part with
[3] set screws.
The steering
rod is offset to avoid interference with the front articulation
hinge. Center of brass rod end is still the pivot point for the
steering rod.
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Front
Wheel Drive
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This
unique FWD system utilizes a patented u-joint
hub - the StitesHub. It is the first system to fully separate
the forces of drive and steering.
There
is NO steering pull upon pedaling - even with
no hands.

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Right
Front Views
of
StitesHub Area

Elongated fork
blade comes up to support the right bearing holder of the StitesHub.
Note the universal
joint flexes directly over the center of the steer tube. This transfers
drive torque without any steering distortions.
The 'Down Chain'
rides inboard of the bearing, and moves with the fork.
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The heart of
the StitesHub is the universal joint in the center of it all. It
transfers power across the Steer tube axis at varying angles during
real-time steering.
Because the
torque is propagated along an axis that is PERPENDICULAR TO AND
INTERSECTS with the steer axis, there are no forces generated that
could rotate the fork for steering.

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Left
Side Views of StitesHub Area
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Left
side of the StitesHub is supported by the frame via 4 yellow plate
parts.
The left StitesHub
cog is adjustable vertically for optimal u-joint alignment. Black
bearing holder has adjustable location via slots in the silver mounting
blocks.
The 'Top Chain'
requires no tensioner pulley due to the eccentric Bottom Bracket.
Steering tie
rod comes in below.
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Close-up
views
of left fork blade
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The roller
hub brake is anchored to the brake tab on the left. The eyelet
on the right will support a fender stay.
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"SD"
laser cut into dropouts.
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Close-up
view
of right fork blade
Shimano
Nexus-7 internal hub provides a clean maintenance-free drive
train. Being able to shift gears quickly, and at a stop, is
very beneficial in city riding.
Nexus-8
will be used upon availability.
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Cockpit
view
Frame and
drive train components are narrow and within the pedal width.
Nonetheless, chain tubes and sprocket guards are being developed.
Handlebars
are highly adjustable in many degrees of freedom.
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Chameleon
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The
namesake "Chameleon" is derived from the vehicle's constantly
changing ride dynamics:
tricycle
at low speeds,
bicycle
at higher speeds.
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In
Summary
This
design achieves full independence of its three
[3] main systems:
Drive
- pedaling the FWD system causes no effects to steering nor leaning.
Steer
- steering the front wheel causes
no effects to driving nor leaning.
Lean
- leaning the front sub-frame causes no effects to
driving nor steering.
This represents the keystone of the
Chameleon design.
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Other
Features
Modular
Design
The
bulk of the componentry is in the front sub-frame with its FWD system
self-contained. The rear sub-frame is relatively simple -
containing the handlebars and two [2] passive rear wheels. Thus,
many different types of rear sub-frames can be mated to the front
sub-frame.
Electric
Assist
We
expect to develop a custom electric drive system for the Chameleon
ECO using www.EcoSpeed.net
technology. The system will be easily mounted by bolting on to the
rear frame.
Electric
assist provides for longer ranges, heavier loads, and steeper hill
climbing.
Old
Chameleon Photo Gallery
Click
here for Assembly
Instructions
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