The ChameleonECO Trike

Seat Height = 79 cm [31 inches]

Wheelbase = 98 cm [38.5 inches]

Rear Wheel Track = 55 cm [21.5 inches] with 3 degree wheel camber

 

The Chameleon is a leaning three-wheeled human powered vehicle that is intended to provide an *ecologically sound vehicle to replace short car trips*. This trike is designed especially for the urban environment. Local errands, such as grocery shopping and the post office, can be easily accomplished with this clean, highly efficient human powered vehicle [HPV].

The first metal prototype was completed in April 1996 at the Pratt Institute campus in New York City. Bill Stites co-taught an HPV design course for graduate students in the department of Industrial Design.

A US Patent was filed in August of 1996. Primary novel features are the combination of a steerable front wheel relative to the front sub-frame; with the handlebars mounted in the non-leaning rear sub-frame. The independent leaning and steering of the Chameleon Trike renders its ride to be very similar to a bike at speed.

US Patent # 6,062,581 was granted in 2000.

Production licenses are available and negotiable

 


City Trike

The Chameleon ECO was conceived as a City Trike from the beginning.  Urban environments require good visibility, and agility for navigating through traffic.  The high seat provides outstanding visibility ... while the narrow, articulated frame allows leaning for smooth bicycle-like cruising.

 

Visibility

The Chameleon was designed to provide unmatched visibility with a seat height of 79 cm [31"]. Congested urban environments often create a sea of vehicles; a Chameleon rider can see over most vehicles and *be seen* by motorists.

 

Lightweight

The Chameleon ECO is very lightweight - 57 lbs. or less - and yet can carry considerable cargo - 250 lbs. or more.

Exercise

HPV's provide "incidental exercise", where one secondarily gains the benefit of exercise while running an errand, or just having fun.

Safety

The reality is that riding an HPV in high density urban traffic is inherently dangerous. The combination of outstanding visibility and high vehicular control and maneuverability significantly enhances safety. Please wear a helmet and use lights; as well as lots of reflective gear.

 

High Seat for Safety

This trike sports the highest seat available on a trike, providing all-important visibility.  The seat height was pushed way up in response to larger urban vehicles, primarily SUV's.  You must be seen to be accommodated on a multi-use street; and you must be able to see over and around many vehicles in a rush hour setting. The leaning and tilting dynamics make such a high seat stable and safe.
The Chameleon ECO demostrates unprecedented visiblity - for both the rider and motorists.

 

 

Black rear sub-frame has standard wheels [ISO 406] in forks so that many types of 20" wheels can be used.

Cargo tray bolted in rear; suspended by Stainless Steel rod in front.

Handlebars are highly adjustable for optimum hand grip locations.

Rear view of seat

Adjustable seat back support structure.

Adjustable tension seat fabric

with a lumbar cushion to be added.

 

Narrow for Traffic Penetration

The new Chameleon ECO is also one of the narrowest trikes available, with a wheel track of just 55cm [21.5"].

It was designed to be as narrow as the widest element of a typical bicycle [handlebar], and thus go anywhere a bike can go.  This allows the rider to penetrate traffic jams with ease and safety.

Narrow for Indoors Access

The Chameleon ECO is also narrow enough to go through standard doorways and into small elevators for apartment dwellers. The Chameleon ECO easily navigates tight spaces associated with urban living.  Overall, the narrow track and short wheelbase create a very small footprint.

Right Side Views

Orange bottom tube from front sub-frame sweeps back to attach to the rear articulation.

Rear Wheels are the same size!

 

Compact

The Chameleon ECO is designed to supplement urban transportation and provide an appropriately scaled vehicle. Smaller size means less congestion on city streets; and getting through car traffic.

As well as easy storage and maneuverability indoors.

 

Maneuverable by Hand

The Chameleon can be easily manuevered on its two rear wheels.  By placing a foot on the rear axle bar and pulling on the top of the seat, one simply "pops" the trike up onto its rear wheels. It remains light and effortless to handle because it is balanced at such an orientation.

 

 

 

Articulated Frame

There are two [2] sub-frames, front [orange] and rear [black].

These sub-frames are articulated to move with one degree of freedom: rotation about a longitudinal, horizontal axis only.

The articulation allows controlled leaning by the rider. Since the steering is fully independent of leaning, bicycle-like riding is achieved at speed.

 

Front

[orange]

Sub-frame

contains the entire FWD system, including the bottom bracket and steerable front wheel, and the seat.  Yes, while the seat is located above the rear sub-frame, it is actually mounted on the square top tube of the orange front sub-frame.

Rear

[black]

Sub-frame

contains two [2] rear wheels and the handlebars,as well as a cargo bay.  

 

 

Leaning

High seat height combined with narrow track geometry is obviously dangerous for a standard non-leaning trike.  In order to maintain these unusual proportions, the Chameleon frame is articulated to allow leaning during turns.

The leaning dynamics of a bicycle have been copied into the Chameleon.

 

Balanced Cornering

The articulated frame allows the rider to shift the center of gravity of the vehicle/rider system, especially during turns.    Leaning into turns provides balance and stability, just like on a bicycle. The rider has the ability to accommodate riding conditions and maintain balance on a moment-to-moment basis.

more LEANING info

 

 

Left Side View

Lean restraint springs are adjustable in tension by sliding the black clamps along the yellow front bottom tube.

Left/rear view of interior

Handlebar assembly is at the heart of the vehicle.

 

Left Front View of central area

Handlebar mount is [6] aluminum plate parts forming a structural box in the center. This engineering was required to handle the strong *vertical* forces applied to the handlebars when the rider induces leans.

 

Steering

The handlebar is mounted in the rear sub-frame [non-leaning]; the fork/steer tube assembly is mounted in the front sub-frame [leaning].  Thus, relative leaning motions of the two sub-frames could result in distortion of the steering elements connecting the handlebar to the steer tube/fork.


All previous Chameleon prototypes have used cable steering to link the handlebar to the steer tube.  The latest version, ChameleonECO, uses a rigid tie rod.

This arrangement is immune to steering distortions caused by rotations of the lean articulation.  A new CAD analysis of a rigid tie rod located close, adjacent, and coplanar to the lean axis yielded the surprising result of only about .005" length change with 20 degrees of lean. Such an amount is negligable in relation to the natural flexibility of the vehicles structures, including metal.

STEERING and LEANING remain independent where one can be operated without affecting the other. Indeed, leaning and steering are independently controlled through the same handlebar. Your brain's ability to seamlessly combine these controls for smooth bicycle-like riding is the secret to this trike's success.

This is one of the most outstanding elements of the Chameleon design.

 

 

Right Rear View

At the front end, the steering rod is attached to the steering

clamp upon the top of the steer tube.

Left Side View

 

Right Front Views

of Handlebar mounting

Handlebar articulation sports acetal delrin bushings top and bottom, rotating on Stainless Steel tube. These pivots are adjustable for friction, allowing steering dampening if desired.

 

 

 

At the handlebar, the rear end of tie rod inserts into specially machined part with [3] set screws.

The steering rod is offset to avoid interference with the front articulation hinge. Center of brass rod end is still the pivot point for the steering rod.

 

 

Front Wheel Drive

This unique FWD system utilizes a patented u-joint hub - the StitesHub.  It is the first system to fully separate the forces of drive and steering.

There is NO steering pull upon pedaling - even with no hands.

Right Front Views

of StitesHub Area

Elongated fork blade comes up to support the right bearing holder of the StitesHub.

Note the universal joint flexes directly over the center of the steer tube. This transfers drive torque without any steering distortions.

The 'Down Chain' rides inboard of the bearing, and moves with the fork.

 

The heart of the StitesHub is the universal joint in the center of it all. It transfers power across the Steer tube axis at varying angles during real-time steering.

Because the torque is propagated along an axis that is PERPENDICULAR TO AND INTERSECTS with the steer axis, there are no forces generated that could rotate the fork for steering.

Left Side Views of StitesHub Area

Left side of the StitesHub is supported by the frame via 4 yellow plate parts.

The left StitesHub cog is adjustable vertically for optimal u-joint alignment. Black bearing holder has adjustable location via slots in the silver mounting blocks.

The 'Top Chain' requires no tensioner pulley due to the eccentric Bottom Bracket.

Steering tie rod comes in below.

 

 

Close-up views of left fork blade

The roller hub brake is anchored to the brake tab on the left. The eyelet on the right will support a fender stay.

 

"SD" laser cut into dropouts.

Close-up view of right fork blade

Shimano Nexus-7 internal hub provides a clean maintenance-free drive train. Being able to shift gears quickly, and at a stop, is very beneficial in city riding.

Nexus-8 will be used upon availability.

 

 

 

Cockpit view

Frame and drive train components are narrow and within the pedal width. Nonetheless, chain tubes and sprocket guards are being developed.

Handlebars are highly adjustable in many degrees of freedom.

 

 

 

Chameleon

The namesake "Chameleon" is derived from the vehicle's constantly changing ride dynamics:

tricycle at low speeds,

bicycle at higher speeds.

 


In Summary

    This design achieves full independence of its three [3] main systems:

 

Drive - pedaling the FWD system causes no effects to steering nor leaning.

Steer - steering the front wheel causes no effects to driving nor leaning.

Lean - leaning the front sub-frame causes no effects to driving nor steering.



This represents the keystone of the Chameleon design.

 


Other Features

Modular Design

The bulk of the componentry is in the front sub-frame with its FWD system self-contained.  The rear sub-frame is relatively simple - containing the handlebars and two [2] passive rear wheels.   Thus, many different types of rear sub-frames can be mated to the front sub-frame.

Electric Assist

We expect to develop a custom electric drive system for the Chameleon ECO using www.EcoSpeed.net technology. The system will be easily mounted by bolting on to the rear frame.

Electric assist provides for longer ranges, heavier loads, and steeper hill climbing.

 

More photos of new ChameleonECO

Production and Sales

Specifications and Components


Old Chameleon Photo Gallery

 

Click here for Assembly Instructions